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1.
Heliyon ; 10(7): e28101, 2024 Apr 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38601553

RESUMO

This bibliometric study critically analyses 293 journal articles from the Scopus database, charting the trajectory of educational technology in primary and elementary education from 1986 to 2023. While limited to practical applications within primary or elementary contexts and excluding various scholarly work forms, the research unveils crucial insights. A significant uptick in publications during 2008-2016 and 2018-2023 highlights the growing importance and incorporation of digital technologies in early education. The analysis identifies recurrent themes like teacher education, game-based learning, and collaborative learning, pointing towards future research directions. The study also notes underexplored areas, including technology's role in specific subjects, ethical student engagement, gender and disability dynamics, and contributions from African contexts. It advocates for increased international collaboration, with a focus on partnerships with predominant Chinese institutions. Despite its limitations, this paper is foundational for future research, offering a roadmap for a nuanced understanding of technology's impact on young learners' educational experiences and outcomes globally.

2.
Front Psychol ; 15: 1265781, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38410402

RESUMO

School refusal is considered a risk factor for academic, social, and personal situations, such as school dropouts. Studies have been carried out on school refusal for almost 50 years. However, general research trends have not been mapped yet. This study summarizes the bibliometric analysis of scientific collaborations and prevalence across locations by country and institution, leading researchers, journals, and trends (keywords) in school refusal research. The United States, Japan, Spain, and England are the countries that stand out in terms of school refusal. It can be said that the Journal of American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, and Frontiers in Psychology are important journals that publish on school refusal. Researchers named Christopher A. Kearney, Carolina Gonzálvez, Jose Manuel Garcia-Fernandez, David A. Heyne, and Brigit M. Van Widenfelt have been found to have more intensive studies and collaborations on school refusal. The authors keywords common use for school refusal; are truancy, school absenteeism, adolescence, school attendance, school phobia, autism spectrum disorder, and bullying. The findings show that school refusal is a current research area, and scientific collaborations continue to be established. The findings reveal all the details of the school refusal research.

3.
Heliyon ; 10(4): e25776, 2024 Feb 29.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38384551

RESUMO

Objectives: Research on technology-enhanced higher education (TEHE) has been active and influential in educational technology. The study had three objectives: (1) to recognize the tendencies in the field and the contributing countries/regions/institutions, (2) to visualize scientific collaborations, and (3) to reveal important research topics, their developmental tendencies, correlations, and distributions across contributing countries/regions/institutions. Methods: We collected 609 papers in relation to TEHE from 2004 to 2022 and analyzed them using text mining and bibliometric methods. Specifically, we focused on determining article trends, identifying contributing institutions/countries/regions, visualizing scientific collaborations through social network analysis, and revealing the important topics and their conceptual evolutions over time using topic models, Mann-Kendall trend test, hierarchical clustering, and Sankey visualization. Results: Regarding the first objective, TEHE articles have grown consistently and will continue to expand. This growth was due to the contributions of Spanish universities and institutions from other countries/regions such as the USA, the UK, Australia, Germany, China, and Turkey. Regarding the second objective, the exploration of regional and institutional collaborations through social networks revealed that geographically adjacent institutions tended to foster close collaborations, particularly among those sharing similar research interests. Nevertheless, more cross-regional collaborations are needed to advance TEHE research. Regarding the third objective, the analysis of topics highlighted research hotspots and emerging themes such as Massive Online Open Courses, AI and big data in education, Gamification and engagement, Learning effectiveness and strategies, Social networks and discussion forums, COVID-19 and online learning, and Plagiarism detection and learning analytics. Conclusions: This bibliometric study comprehensively analyzed the research landscape of TEHE research regarding contributors, collaborations, and research topics, and offers a glimpse into what the future may hold. It can be used as a guide for contributors to the field to identify the current research hotspots and emerging themes.

4.
Account Res ; : 1-21, 2024 Jan 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38164053

RESUMO

Despite the increasing prominence of research collaboration, a growing number of studies have confirmed that increasing team size can have limited performance benefits. However, the mechanism of this phenomenon has yet to be established. This study, therefore, quantified responsibility diffusion based on author contribution information and explored its mediating role in the relationship between collaboration size and citation impact (citation count in a four-year window). The results show the following: (1) An inverted U-shaped relationship exists between team size and citation count. (2) Responsibility diffusion plays a partial mediating role between team size and citation count. (3) As team size increases, the degree of responsibility diffusion increases. Lastly, (4) responsibility diffusion has an inverted U-shaped curvilinear relationship with citation count (e.g., a moderate degree of responsibility diffusion has the highest impact). These findings offer a new understanding of the mechanism by which collaboration size influences research performance. This study also has practical implications for solving research collaboration dilemmas based on a group-cognition perspective.

5.
Hum Vaccin Immunother ; 19(3): 2276624, 2023 Dec 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37964602

RESUMO

The field of mRNA vaccines has witnessed rapid development in recent years, leading to significant changes in global scientific collaboration. In this study, a bibliometric and social network analysis was conducted to reveal the evolution of global scientific collaboration in mRNA vaccine research. Altogether 6974 articles published since 2010 were retrieved and categorized into Period 1 (2010-2019), Period 2 (2020-2021) and Period 3 (2022-2023). During Period 2 and 3, there was a significant rise in the proportion of publications involving domestic inter-institutional cooperation (42.0%, 54.0% and 59.1%, respectively in Period 1, 2, and 3), while a significant decrease in international cooperation (32.1%, 23.7% and 21.0%). More countries participated in international collaboration during Period 2 and 3, with the US, the UK and Germany remaining top three throughout all periods, while some other countries like Italy, Japan, and China experiencing significant shifts. Significant correlations between collaboration type and publication impact and between geographical distance and collaborative publication counts were detected. Furthermore, significant changes in research focuses and institutions that are major contributors in the mRNA vaccine development have been observed. In conclusion, the mRNA vaccine field has experienced rapid development over the past decade, with significant evolutions of global scientific collaboration detected in our study.


Assuntos
Bibliometria , Análise de Rede Social , Cooperação Internacional , Vacinas de mRNA
6.
Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) ; 14: 1248676, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37854183

RESUMO

Background: Since the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak, diabetes mellitus (DM) has been at the core of the confirmed risk factors for fatal or critical care unit-treated COVID-19 and COVID-19 related complications. Although relevant studies on DM have developed rapidly during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the aforementioned research results have not been systematically quantified by means of bibliometric analysis. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to provide a comprehensive analysis of the current status and trends of publications related to DM research during the COVID19 epidemic. Methods: A bibliometric analysis was performed using the Web of Science database. In this study, we used citespace, R software and R-Bibliometrix to analyze keywords, most-cited authors, most-cited countries, most-cited global documents, and co-occurrence and co-citation networks. Results: A total of 1688 publications was included in this study. Investigators from the United States contributed the most publications. The United States, China and Europe have the most collaboration with the other countries/regions. A total of 3355 institutions made contributions to this study. Of the top 10 institutions with the most publications, N8 Research Partnership showed the most centrality. Among the top 10 journals, Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice published the most articles. Among authors included, Khunti Kamlesh is rated first with 27 papers and has the highest centrality. The most frequently co-cited article is entitled "Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study". The most popular keywords included diabetes, mortality, diabetes, outcome, occurrences, risk, and type 1 diabetes. Conclusion: This bibliometric study provides an overall picture of DM research and research trends during the COVID-19 pandemic and provides a basis for researchers to develop their next research strategies.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1 , Adulto , Humanos , Pandemias , Estudos Retrospectivos , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Bibliometria
7.
Collect Intell ; 2(1): 26339137221146482, 2023 Feb 13.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37766916

RESUMO

The global research community responded with speed and at scale to the emergence of COVID-19, with around 4.6% of all research outputs in 2020 related to the pandemic. That share almost doubled through 2021, to reach 8.6% of research outputs. This reflects a dramatic mobilisation of global collective intelligence in the face of a crisis. It also raises fundamental questions about the funding, organisation and operation of research. In this Perspective article, we present data that suggests that COVID-19 research reflects the characteristics of the underlying networks from which it emerged, and on which it built. The infrastructures on which COVID-19 research has relied - including highly skilled, flexible research capacity and collaborative networks - predated the pandemic, and are the product of sustained, long-term investment. As such, we argue that COVID-19 research should not be viewed as a distinct field, or one-off response to a specific crisis, but as a 'pandemic veneer' layered on top of longstanding interdisciplinary networks, capabilities and structures. These infrastructures of collective intelligence need to be better understood, valued and sustained as crucial elements of future pandemic or crisis response.

8.
Front Big Data ; 6: 1054655, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37397623

RESUMO

Collaborations between scientists from the global north and global south (N-S collaborations) are a key driver of the "fourth paradigm of science" and have proven crucial to addressing global crises like COVID-19 and climate change. However, despite their critical role, N-S collaborations on datasets are not well understood. Science of science studies tend to rely on publications and patents to examine N-S collaboration patterns. To this end, the rise of global crises requiring N-S collaborations to produce and share data presents an urgent need to understand the prevalence, dynamics, and political economy of N-S collaborations on research datasets. In this paper, we employ a mixed methods case study research approach to analyze the frequency of and division of labor in N-S collaborations on datasets submitted to GenBank over 29 years (1992-2021). We find: (1) there is a low representation of N-S collaborations over the 29-year period. When they do occur, N-S collaborations display "burstiness" patterns, suggesting that N-S collaborations on datasets are formed and maintained reactively in the wake of global health crises such as infectious disease outbreaks; (2) The division of labor between datasets and publications is disproportionate to the global south in the early years, but becomes more overlapping after 2003. An exception in the case of countries with lower S&T capacity but high income, where these countries have a higher prevalence on datasets (e.g., United Arab Emirates). We qualitatively inspect a sample of N-S dataset collaborations to identify leadership patterns in dataset and publication authorship. The findings lead us to argue there is a need to include N-S dataset collaborations in measures of research outputs to nuance the current models and assessment tools of equity in N-S collaborations. The paper contributes to the SGDs objectives to develop data-driven metrics that can inform scientific collaborations on research datasets.

9.
Health Technol (Berl) ; 13(3): 495-503, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37303976

RESUMO

Purpose: Science diplomacy in medical physics is a relatively young research field and translational practice that focuses on establishing international collaborations to address some of the questions biomedical professionals face globally. This paper aims to present an overview of science diplomacy in medical physics, from an international perspective, illustrating the ways collaborations within and across continents can lead to scientific and professional achievements that advance scientific growth and improve patients care. Methods: Science diplomacy actions were sought that promote collaborations in medical physics across the continents, related to professional and scientific aspects alike. Results: Several science diplomacy actions have been identified to promote education and training, to facilitate research and development, to effectively communicate science to the public, to enable equitable access of patients to healthcare and to focus on gender equity within the profession as well as healthcare provision. Scientific and professional organizations in the field of medical physics across all continents have adopted a number of efforts in their aims, many of them with great success, to promote science diplomacy and to foster international collaborations. Conclusions: Professionals in medical physics can advance through international cooperation, by building strong communication across scientific communities, addressing rising demands, exchange scientific information and knowledge.

10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37221648

RESUMO

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is an incurable neurodegenerative condition. Despite significant advances in pre-clinical models that enhance understanding of disease pathobiology, translation of candidate drugs to effective human therapies has been disappointing. There is increasing recognition of the need for a precision medicine approach toward drug development, as many failures in translation can be attributed in part to disease heterogeneity in humans. PRECISION-ALS is an academic industry collaboration between clinicians, Computer Scientists, Information engineers, technologists, data scientists and industry partners that will address the key clinical, computational, data science and technology associated research questions to generate a sustainable precision medicine based approach toward new drug development. Using extant and prospectively collected population based clinical data across nine European sites, PRECISION-ALS provides a General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) compliant framework that seamlessly collects, processes and analyses research-quality multimodal and multi-sourced clinical, patient and caregiver journey, digitally acquired data through remote monitoring, imaging, neuro-electric-signaling, genomic and biomarker datasets using machine learning and artificial intelligence. PRECISION-ALS represents a first-in-kind modular transferable pan-European ICT framework for ALS that can be easily adapted to other regions that face similar precision medicine related challenges in multimodal data collection and analysis.


Assuntos
Esclerose Amiotrófica Lateral , Humanos , Esclerose Amiotrófica Lateral/diagnóstico , Esclerose Amiotrófica Lateral/epidemiologia , Esclerose Amiotrófica Lateral/genética , Inteligência Artificial , Biomarcadores , Aprendizado de Máquina
11.
Sensors (Basel) ; 23(6)2023 Mar 16.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36991877

RESUMO

Bitcoin was created in 2008 as the first decentralized cryptocurrency, providing an innovative data management technology, which was later named blockchain. It ensured data validation without intervention from intermediaries. During its early stages, it was conceived as a financial technology by most researchers. It was not until 2015, when the Ethereum cryptocurrency was officially launched worldwide, along with its revolutionary technology called smart contracts, that researchers began to change their perception of the technology and look for uses outside the financial world. This paper analyzes the literature since 2016, one year after Ethereum, analyzing the evolution of interest in the technology to date. For this purpose, a total of 56,864 documents created between 2016 and 2022 from four major publishers were analyzed, providing answers to the following questions. Q1: How has interest in blockchain technology increased? Q2: What have been the major blockchain research interests? Q3: What have been the most outstanding works of the scientific community? The paper clearly exposes the evolution of blockchain technology, making it clear that, as the years go by, it is becoming a complementary technology instead of the main focus of studies. Finally, we highlight the most popular and recurrent topics discussed in the literature over the analyzed period of time.

12.
J Clin Epidemiol ; 157: 22-34, 2023 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36822440

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: To investigate scientific collaboration and citation metrics of reporting guidelines for health research. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: A cross-sectional analysis of published articles of reporting guidelines for health research. A search of the EQUATOR (Enhancing the QUAlity and Transparency Of health Research) Network Library (from inception to January 21, 2021) was supplemented by searching websites of guideline developers. For each article, metadata (e.g., authors, institutions, countries, citations) were extracted from the Web of Science and Scopus (up to October 25, 2021). Descriptive analyses were conducted. Network analyses of collaborations were presented. RESULTS: We included 662 articles published in 332 journals. The BMJ (n = 50 articles; 8%), Annals of Internal Medicine (n = 29; 4%), and Journal of Clinical Epidemiology (n = 24; 4%) published the largest number of articles. Four thousand seven hundred twenty two authors, 1,647 institutions, and 83 countries were involved. The global productivity was led by the United States (n = 456 articles), the United Kingdom (n = 414), and Canada (n = 306). We found eight clusters of authors (e.g., one major group with 337 members) and three clusters of institutions (e.g., one major group with 256 members). The most prolific authors were affiliated with the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Canada), the University of Ottawa (Canada), the University of Oxford (the United Kingdom), and Stanford University (the United States). CONCLUSION: Our analysis identified key actors producing reporting guidelines, most intense collaborations, and 'citation classics' in the field. These results could potentially be used to strengthen collaborations for developing and disseminating reporting guidelines for health research.


Assuntos
Autoria , Bibliometria , Humanos , Estados Unidos , Estudos Transversais , Publicações , Reino Unido
13.
E-Cienc. inf ; 12(2)dic. 2022.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1448130

RESUMO

Este artículo presenta un análisis bibliométrico de la producción científica de la Corporación de Estudios para Latinoamérica (CIEPLAN), el centro de estudios más importante durante la dictadura y transición democrática en Chile. El análisis se realiza sobre un conjunto de registros bibliográficos (n = 145), referencias (n = 4.055) e información biográfica de los autores, durante 1979-1989. Se analizan tres dimensiones: producción científica y áreas temáticas; colaboración y coautoría; y referencias o consumo de información. Se utiliza estadística descriptiva, modelamiento temático no supervisado y Análisis de Redes Sociales (SNA, por sus siglas en inglés). Los resultados muestran una tendencia constante en la producción científica y temas centrados en tópicos clásicos de la economía asociados con temas de desigualdad y política. Además, los análisis de colaboración y referencias muestran la existencia de una comunidad compuesta por reconocidos académicos y miembros de la élite política chilena centrales en la producción intelectual y en la red de referencias. Estos hallazgos permiten denominar a CIEPLAN como una de las principales comunidades epistémicas durante la recuperación y transición democrática chilena, en específico, durante los primeros gobiernos democráticos dónde varios miembros fueron reclutados para asumir importantes cargos en el ejecutivo. Hasta hoy, estos actores siguen influenciando el proceso de formulación de políticas públicas en Chile.


This paper presents a bibliometric analysis of the Corporación de Estudios para Latinoamérica (CIEPLAN in Spanish) scientific production. This was the most important think tank during the dictatorship and democratisation in Chile. The analysis is carried out based on bibliographic entries (n = 145), references (n = 4,055), and biographical information of the authors from 1979 to 1989. Three dimensions are analysed: scientific production and topics, collaboration and co-authorship, and references or information consumption. We use descriptive statistics, unsupervised topic modelling, and Social Network Analysis (SNA). The results reveal a constant trend in the scientific production and classic topics of the economy associated with inequality and political issues. Moreover, the collaboration and citation analyses show the existence of a community composed of recognised academics and members of the Chilean political elite who were central in the intellectual production and the references' network. These findings allow us to name CIEPLAN as one of the central epistemic communities during Chile's democratic recovery and transition, specifically during the first democratic governments, where a number of members were recruited to assume important positions in the executive. To this day, these actors continue influencing the policy-making process in Chile.

14.
Front Psychiatry ; 13: 1052929, 2022.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36440400

RESUMO

Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, the vulnerabilities of certain groups of people have been highlighted, such as people with intellectual disability (ID). Although related research on ID has developed rapidly during the COVID-19 pandemic, the quantitative analysis of those research results has not been systematically performed through bibliometric analysis. Bibliometric analysis is a useful and rigorous method to explore large volumes of research data, and it allows researchers to extract quantitative information on distribution by author, time, country, and journal. Aim: The aim of the present study is to comprehensively analyze the current status and developing trends in publications on ID research related to and conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A bibliometric analysis was performed using the Web of Science database. Biblioshiny software was used to analyze and visualize the following information: main information of dataset, annual scientific production, journals which published the most relevant sources, most-cited authors, most-cited countries, most-cited global documents, word-cloud of keywords authors have used, and both the co-occurrence and co-citation networks. Results: A total of 450 publications were included. The average number of citations per document was 5.104. Among the top three journals, Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities published 32 articles, Journal of Intellectual Disability Research published 29 articles, and British Journal of Learning Disabilities published 17 articles. The article with the title COVID-19 and People with Intellectual Disability: Impact of a Pandemic was the most cited with total 144 citations The United Kingdom had the most publications and had strong cooperative relationships with the United States, Canada, and Australia. The most popular keywords included mental health, autism, developmental disability, and lockdown. Thematic map analysis identified several possible clusters, including telemedicine, physical activities, and mental health. Conclusion: The present study provides a better understanding in this research field and may help clinicians, researchers and stakeholders to obtain more comprehensive view of ID and COVID-19. The insights gained from this analysis could inform future research.

15.
Heliyon ; 8(10): e11047, 2022 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36281393

RESUMO

This work is mainly aimed at the detection, visualization and description of the scientific collaboration patterns in the Nursing field in Latin America as a response to the lack of evidence on the implications of collaboration and its effects on the scientific influence in the Nursing field. For this purpose, a retrospective quantitative analysis was conducted by including all the publications classified under the code 2900 in All Science Journal Classification Codes of Scopus, corresponding to the field of General Nursing during 2005-2020. A total of 40 countries and 362,354 unique publications were analyzed, although the main subset herein consists of 18,371 unique publications authored by Latin-American institutions. World proportion of Latin-American publications in Nursing is higher than all the publications in the region. This increase is especially remarkable in the latest year of the studied period, which may result from the progressive increase in the numbers of nursing schools, the diversity in the graduate and specialization programs, the creation of scientific societies, and the many conferences carried out recently on Nursing.

16.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A ; 119(33): e2207436119, 2022 08 16.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35939670

RESUMO

In scientific research, collaboration is one of the most effective ways to take advantage of new ideas, skills, and resources and for performing interdisciplinary research. Although collaboration networks have been intensively studied, the question of how individual scientists choose collaborators to study a new research topic remains almost unexplored. Here, we investigate the statistics and mechanisms of collaborations of individual scientists along their careers, revealing that, in general, collaborators are involved in significantly fewer topics than expected from a controlled surrogate. In particular, we find that highly productive scientists tend to have a higher fraction of single-topic collaborators, while highly cited-i.e., impactful-scientists have a higher fraction of multitopic collaborators. We also suggest a plausible mechanism for this distinction. Moreover, we investigate the cases where scientists involve existing collaborators in a new topic. We find that, compared to productive scientists, impactful scientists show strong preference of collaboration with high-impact scientists on a new topic. Finally, we validate our findings by investigating active scientists in different years and across different disciplines.


Assuntos
Comportamento Cooperativo , Pesquisa Interdisciplinar , Pessoal de Laboratório , Humanos , Pessoal de Laboratório/psicologia
17.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35954664

RESUMO

Contact tracing is a monitoring process including contact identification, listing, and follow-up, which is a key to slowing down pandemics of infectious diseases, such as COVID-19. In this study, we use the scientific collaboration network technique to explore the evolving history and scientific collaboration patterns of contact tracing. It is observed that the number of articles on the subject remained at a low level before 2020, probably because the practical significance of the contact tracing model was not widely accepted by the academic community. The COVID-19 pandemic has brought an unprecedented research boom to contact tracing, as evidenced by the explosion of the literature after 2020. Tuberculosis, HIV, and other sexually transmitted diseases were common types of diseases studied in contact tracing before 2020. In contrast, research on contact tracing regarding COVID-19 occupies a significantly large proportion after 2000. It is also found from the collaboration networks that academic teams in the field tend to conduct independent research, rather than cross-team collaboration, which is not conducive to knowledge dissemination and information flow.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis , Tuberculose , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Busca de Comunicante/métodos , Humanos , Pandemias
18.
Front Public Health ; 10: 980845, 2022.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36033805

RESUMO

Scientific knowledge is an underlying basis for technological innovation in the pharmaceutical industry. Collaboration is the main way to participate in the creation of scientific knowledge for pharmaceutical firms. Will network positions in scientific collaboration affect their technological innovation performance? Moreover, what factors moderate the firms' scientific collaboration network positions and technological innovation link? Using a dataset based on 194 Chinese publicly traded pharmaceutical companies, this paper constructs the dynamic scientific collaboration networks among 1,826 organizations by analyzing 4,092 papers included in CNKI and Web of Science databases. Then we probe the impact and boundaries of positions in the scientific collaboration network of pharmaceutical firms on their technological innovation performance through the negative binomial modeling approach. Our study confirms that degree centrality has an inverted U-shaped impact on pharmaceutical firms' technological innovation performance, while structural holes benefit it. Moreover, this article identifies that the strength of scientific collaboration positively moderates the U-shaped relationship between degree centrality and technological innovation of pharmaceutical firms, the matching of high patent stock and high structural holes can promote their technological innovation performance. The results deepen the present understanding of scientific collaboration in the pharmaceutical industry and offer new insights into the formulation of pharmaceutical firms' scientific collaboration strategies.


Assuntos
Indústria Farmacêutica , Invenções , Preparações Farmacêuticas
19.
J Informetr ; 16(2): 101295, 2022 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35529705

RESUMO

Based on publication data on coronavirus-related fields, this study applies a difference in differences approach to explore the evolution of gender inequalities before and during the COVID-19 pandemic by comparing the differences in the numbers and shares of authorships, leadership in publications, gender composition of collaboration, and scientific impacts. We find that, during the pandemic: (1) females' leadership in publications as the first author was negatively affected; (2) although both females and males published more papers relative to the pre-pandemic period, the gender gaps in the share of authorships have been strengthened due to the larger increase in males' authorships; (3) the share of publications by mixed-gender collaboration declined; (4) papers by teams in which females play a key role were less cited in the pre-pandemic period, and this citation disadvantage was exacerbated during the pandemic; and (5) gender inequalities regarding authorships and collaboration were enhanced in the initial stage of COVID-19, widened with the increasing severity of COVID-19, and returned to the pre-pandemic level in September 2020. This study shows that females' lower participation in teams as major contributors and less collaboration with their male colleagues also reflect their underrepresentation in science in the pandemic period. This investigation significantly deepens our understanding of how the pandemic influenced academia, based on which science policies and gender policy changes are proposed to mitigate the gender gaps.

20.
Implement Sci Commun ; 3(1): 41, 2022 Apr 13.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35418309

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Multi-center research initiatives offer opportunities to develop and strengthen connections among researchers. These initiatives often have goals of increased scientific collaboration which can be examined using social network analysis. METHODS: The National Cancer Institute (NCI)-funded Implementation Science Centers in Cancer Control (ISC3) initiative conducted an online social network survey in its first year of funding (2020) to (1) establish baseline network measures including the extent of cross-center collaboration and (2) assess factors associated with a network member's access to the network such as one's implementation science (IS) expertise. Members of the seven funded centers and NCI program staff identified collaborations in planning/conducting research, capacity building, product development, scientific dissemination, and practice/policy dissemination. RESULTS: Of the 192 invitees, 182 network members completed the survey (95%). The most prevalent roles were faculty (60%) and research staff (24%). Almost one-quarter (23%) of members reported advanced expertise in IS, 42% intermediate, and 35% beginner. Most members were female (69%) and white (79%). One-third (33%) of collaboration ties were among members from different centers. Across all collaboration activities, the network had a density of 14%, suggesting moderate cohesion. Degree centralization (0.33) and betweenness centralization (0.07) measures suggest a fairly dispersed network (no single or few central member(s) holding all connections). The most prevalent and densely connected collaboration was in planning/conducting research (1470 ties; 8% density). Practice/policy dissemination had the fewest collaboration, lowest density (284 ties' 3% density), and the largest number of non-connected members (n=43). Access to the ISC3 network varied significantly depending on members' level of IS expertise, role within the network, and racial/ethnic background. Across all collaboration activities, most connected members included those with advanced IS expertise, faculty and NCI staff, and Hispanic or Latino and white members. CONCLUSIONS: Results establish a baseline for assessing the growth of cross-center collaborations, highlighting specific areas in need of particular growth in network collaborations such as increasing engagement of racial and ethnic minorities and trainees or those with less expertise in IS.

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